It's a difficult question. St. Augustine especially transmitted the doctrine of limbo and says that since non-baptized children, who are dying, are still with original sin, the sin is not taken away because it is always in baptism that the original sin is taken away. But at the same time, these little children do not have any personal sin.
Therefore, since God is infinitely just and merciful, He cannot punish these children who did not commit any personal sin for all eternity. In the Middle Ages, St. Thomas Aquinas also made a kind of ‘theory’ or explanation that these innocent children who died for the original sin would be in a sort of Limbo.
Limbo means apart; margin, then after, they will be restored. We’ll have a new Earth after the last judgment, and that we already know, but then maybe they (children) will also be returning. The majority of the children will have inner happiness but in a kind of natural happiness. They will be happy in God in their way.
Many theologians, especially the traditional ones, were inclined to this but the church did not proclaim a dogma on this and left the theologians the possibility to have their explanations. Several years ago, the typical commission of theologians issued a document on this thing, and basically, the result of this document was that both possibilities could be taught, the traditional one from St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas – the limbo and the natural happiness of these children.
There is also the possibility that since they were not guilty of personal sins, they could be admitted to the supernatural vision of God. The church had not yet decided formally. This is one question. The other question is regarding the aborted babies who were killed in the womb of their mothers.
There was this recent theory that I read, that it could be possible that God will take into account these cruel and horrible murders of these little children as a kind of martyrdom, a kind of baptism of blood maybe, and then they will be admitted to the eternal vision of God.
We don't know, and I think the church will not have the means to pronounce herself definitely in these cases. They may remain here on Earth. There are some elements of our faith that we cannot clarify here on Earth. This, we will see in heaven one day.
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