Yes, the criteria are that this is a wrong obedience towards the bishop. The bishop here, and the Pope, are abusing their powers to harm the church. So, this priest can say, “I cannot obey here because if I obey, I will be cooperating in bringing spiritual harm to the church and souls.” In this case, the apparent disobedience is an obedience to the constant perpetual stance of the Church, of the Popes, and the saints of the ages.
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